Building three-dimensional pedestrian networks in cities

Abstract With the rapid growth of automobile transport over last century, conflicts between and pedestrian have been viewed as a major concern in urban planning. Elevated underground networks, which compensate for sidewalks at street level provide alternative options pedestrians, developed many cities. networks offer pedestrian–car separation vertical dimension efficient connections transit services cities subway passengers. This study aims to balanced understanding development propose supportive strategies decision makers, planners, designers concerned with future implementation building three-dimensional The applied textual analysis examine topic. indicated that systems were based on historical precedents. It highlighted important considerations (such dense cities, disaster mitigation protection, functions) developing Furthermore, it discussed significant aspects planning designing such including safety, ease orientation, convenience. paper also policy implications